Alcohols, Ethers, Phenols and Derivatives

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acetonides:

Cyclic acetals derived from acetone and diols, usually vicinal diols, or polyhydroxy compounds. E.g.

alcohols:*

Compounds in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom: R₃COH. See also enols, phenols. NOC Rule C-201. The term 'hydroxyl' refers to the radical species, HO^.. RNRI Rule RC-81.1.2, note 4.

alcoholates:

Synonymous with alkoxides. NOC Rule 206.1 Alcoholate should not be used for solvates derived from an alcohol, such as CaCl₂.nROH, for the ending -ate often occurs in names for anions.

alkoxides:*

Compounds, ROM, derivatives of alcohols, ROH, in which R is saturated at the site of its attachment to oxygen and M is a metal or other cationic species. NOC Rule C-206. Cf. alcoholates.

arenols: Synonymous with phenols (but rarely used).

bisphenols:

By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC₆H₄CH₂C₆H₄OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone).

carbinols:

An obsolete term for substituted methanols, in which the name carbinol is synonymous with methanol.

cresols:

The monomethylphenols and their derivatives formed by substitution on the ring with substituents other than -OH.

diols:

Compounds that contain two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. Aliphatic diols are also called glycols.

enols:

Alkenols; the term refers specifically to vinylic alcohols, which have the structure HOCR'=CR₂. Enols are tautomeric with aldehydes (R' = H) or ketones (R' not equal to H). See also phenols.

enolates:

Salts of enols (or of the tautomeric aldehydes or ketones), in which the anionic charge is delocalized over oxygen and carbon, or similar covalent metal derivatives in which the metal is bound to oxygen.

epoxides: See under epoxy compounds.

epoxy compounds:*

Compounds in which an oxygen atom is directly attached to two adjacent or non-adjacent carbon atoms of a carbon chain or ring system; thus cyclic ethers. The term epoxides represents a subclass of epoxy compounds containing a saturated three-membered cyclic ether; thus oxirane derivatives. NOC Rule C-212.2; GNOC Recom. R-5.5.4.4. E.g.  1,2-epoxypropane, or 2-methyloxirane (an epoxide);  9,10-epoxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene (an epoxy compound)

ethers:*

Compounds ROR (R not equal to H). NOC Rule C-211. (Compounds R₃SiOR, silicon analogues of ethers, are trialkylsilyloxy compounds). Cf. acetals, epoxy compounds, ortho esters. E.g. CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ 

glycols:

Dihydric alcohols, also known as diols, in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent. E.g. HOCH₂CH₂OH 'ethylene glycol' (ethane-1,2-diol), HO[CH₂]₄OH butane-1,4-diol.

hydroperoxides:*

Monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide (dioxidane), HOOH, having the skeleton ROOH, in which R is any organyl group. Compounds in which R is acyl are known as peroxy acids. NOC Rule C-218.1.

peroxides:*

Compounds of structure ROOR in which R may be any organyl group. (The term is, of course, also used in an inorganic sense to denote salts of the anion O₂^2-). See also hydroperoxides. NOC Rule C-218.2.

phenols:*

Compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. NOC Rule C-202. E.g.  2-naphthol

phenolates:*

Synonymous with phenoxides. NOC Rule C-206.1. The term phenolate should not be used for solvates derived from a phenol, for the ending -ate often occurs in names for anions. See phenoxides.

phenoxides:*

Salts or analogous metal derivatives of phenols; synonymous with phenolates. NOC Rule C-206. A preferable general term, however, is aryloxides.

pinacols:

Tetra(hydrocarbyl)ethane-1,2-diols, R₂C(OH)C(OH)R₂, of which the tetramethyl example is the simplest one and is itself commonly known as pinacol (benzpinacol is the tetraphenyl analogue).

trioxides:

Organic derivatives of trioxidane, HOOOH, e.g. ROOOR'. When R' = H, the compound is a hydrotrioxide.

ynols:

Alk-1-yn-1-ols, RCCOH; tautomeric with ketenes, RCH=C=O.

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